ScienceDaily: Latest Science News


Smarter than a first-grader? Crows can perform as well as 7- to 10-year-olds on cause-and-effect water displacement tasks

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 03:08 PM PDT

In Aesop's fable about the crow and the pitcher, a thirsty bird happens upon a vessel of water, but when he tries to drink from it, he finds the water level out of his reach. Not strong enough to knock over the pitcher, the bird drops pebbles into it -- one at a time -- until the water level rises enough for him to drink his fill. New research demonstrates the birds' intellectual prowess may be more fact than fiction.

Is your data safe? Why you should care more about spam

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 03:07 PM PDT

Researchers are working to protect consumer data by using companies spam volume to evaluate its security vulnerability through the SpamRankings.net project.

Medical student perceptions of health policy education improving, but 40% are still not satisfied, study shows

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 03:07 PM PDT

Students graduating from U.S. medical schools in 2012 feel they've received a better education in health policy issues than graduates surveyed in 2008, according to a multi-center study. The study applied a new framework for teaching and evaluating perceptions of training in health policy, first proposed by the authors in a 2011 perspective.

Eco-pottery product from water treatment sludge

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 03:07 PM PDT

Sludge obtained from water treatment plants were studied as suitable materials to be used in the pottery industry to make suitable pottery products.

'Big picture' thinking doesn't always lead people to indulge less, study says

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 01:20 PM PDT

Buy the latest electronic gizmo du jour, or use that money to fix a leaky roof? Go out with friends, or stay home to catch-up on work to meet that looming deadline? And after you've finished that big project, do you treat yourself to a slice of chocolate cake or settle for a piece of fruit? Self-focus plays an important role in how consumers make decisions, says new research from a business professor.

Greater odds of adverse childhood experiences in those with military service

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 01:20 PM PDT

Men and women who have served in the military have a higher prevalence of adverse childhood events (ACEs), suggesting that enlistment may be a way to escape adversity for some. ACEs can result in severe adult health consequences such as posttraumatic stress disorder, substance use and attempted suicide.

Vasculature of the hive: How honey bees stay cool

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 01:19 PM PDT

Honey bees, especially the young, are highly sensitive to temperature and to protect developing bees, adults work together to maintain temperatures within a narrow range. New research also supports the theoretical construct of the bee hive as a superorganism — an entity in which its many members carry out specialized and vital functions to keep the whole functioning as a unit.

Spinach could lead to alternative energy more powerful than Popeye

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 12:20 PM PDT

Spinach gave Popeye super strength, but it also holds the promise of a different power for a group of scientists: the ability to convert sunlight into a clean, efficient alternative fuel. Physicists are using spinach to study the proteins involved in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert the sun's energy into carbohydrates used to power cellular processes. Artificial photosynthesis could allow for the conversion of solar energy into renewable, environmentally friendly hydrogen-based fuels.

Unsuspected characteristics of new cystic fibrosis drugs found, offering potential paths to more effective therapies

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 12:20 PM PDT

A large phase 3 clinical trial for cystic fibrosis patients has concluded, showing that a combination of two new cystic fibrosis drugs modestly improved lung function and offered better health outcomes for some patients. Now, scientists have shown that one of these drugs counteracts the intended beneficial molecular effect of the other.

Gene inhibitor, salmon fibrin restore function lost in spinal cord injury

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:18 AM PDT

A therapy combining salmon fibrin injections into the spinal cord and injections of a gene inhibitor into the brain restored voluntary motor function impaired by spinal cord injury, scientists have found. In a study on rodents, researchers achieved this breakthrough by turning back the developmental clock in a molecular pathway critical to the formation of corticospinal tract nerve connections and providing a scaffold so that neuronal axons at the injury site could grow and link up again.

Sapronoses: Diseases of another kind, caused by pathogenic microorganisms

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:18 AM PDT

The drought that has the entire country in its grip is affecting more than the color of people's lawns. It may also be responsible for the proliferation of a heat-loving amoeba commonly found in warm freshwater bodies, such as lakes, rivers and hot springs, which the drought has made warmer than usual this year. Sapronoses are infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit aquatic ecosystems and/or soil rather than a living host.

Bird 'backpacks' put wood thrush migration on the map

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:18 AM PDT

Researchers have created the first migratory connectivity map produced for a songbird, using tracking from both breeding and winter sites. They were able to trace the route taken by wood thrushes from North America using bird 'backpacks'. They discovered that wood thrushes from Canada don't migrate to the same areas as their southern neighbors, and actually have a longer migratory route. The map will help identify specific areas for habitat protection.

The birth of topological spintronics: New material combo could lead to more efficient computers

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:17 AM PDT

The discovery of a new material combination that could lead to a more efficient approach to computer memory and logic is the first promising indication that it may be possible to build a practical technology with a novel material known as a 'topological insulator.' The research team's results show that such a scheme can be 10 times more efficient for controlling magnetic memory or logic than any other combination of materials measured to date.

15-year analysis of blue whale range off California finds conflict with shipping lanes

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:17 AM PDT

A comprehensive analysis of the movements of blue whales off the West Coast found that their favored feeding areas are bisected by heavily used shipping lanes, increasing the threat of injury and mortality. But moving the shipping lanes off Los Angeles and San Francisco to slightly different areas -- at least, during summer and fall when blue whales are most abundant -- could significantly decrease the probability of ships striking the whales.

The physics of lead guitar playing

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:17 AM PDT

String bends, tapping, vibrato and whammy bars are all techniques that add to the distinctiveness of a lead guitarist's sound, whether it's Clapton, Hendrix, or BB King. Now a guitarist and physicist has described the physics underlying these techniques.

Dog jealousy: Study suggests primordial origins for the 'green-eyed monster'

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:17 AM PDT

Dogs exhibit jealous behaviors. The first experimental test of jealousy in dogs supports the view that there may be a more basic form of jealousy, which evolved to protect social bonds from interlopers.

3-D image of Paleolithic child's skull reveals trauma, brain damage

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:17 AM PDT

Three-dimensional imaging of a Paleolithic child's skull reveals potentially violent head trauma that likely lead to brain damage.

Combination antiretroviral therapy helps treat HCV in patients co-infected with HIV

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 11:17 AM PDT

Treatment of HIV patients co-infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) with an anti-retroviral drug therapy not only tackles HIV, but also reduces HCV replication, according to a new study.

Major impact of climate change on Antarctic fur seals

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 10:14 AM PDT

Genetic analysis of Antarctic fur seals, alongside decades of in-depth monitoring, has provided unique insights into the effect of climate change on a population of top-predators. The findings show that the seals have significantly altered in accordance with changes in food availability that are associated with climate conditions. Despite a shift in the population towards 'fitter' individuals, this fitness is not passing down through generations, leaving the population in decline.

Age of puberty in girls influenced by which parent 'imprinted' genes are inherited from

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 10:14 AM PDT

The age at which girls reach sexual maturity is influenced by 'imprinted' genes, a small sub-set of genes whose activity differs depending on which parent passes on that gene, according to new research.

Genetics of cancer: Non-coding DNA can finally be decoded

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 10:14 AM PDT

Cancer is a disease of the genome resulting from a combination of genetic modifications, or mutations. We inherit from our parents strong or weak predispositions to developing certain kinds of cancer; in addition, we also accumulate new mutations in our cells throughout our lifetime. Although the genetic origins of cancers have been studied for a long time, researchers were not able to measure the role of non-coding regions of the genome until now.

How much magma is hiding beneath our feet? Mysteries of Earth's crust pierced

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 10:13 AM PDT

Molten rock, or magma, has a strong influence on our planet and its inhabitants, causing destructive volcanic eruptions and generating some of the giant mineral deposits. Our understanding of these phenomena is, however, limited by the fact that most magma cools and solidifies several kilometers beneath our feet, only to be exposed at the surface, millions of years later, by erosion.

How stress hormones promote brain's building of negative memories

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 10:12 AM PDT

Scientists have discovered a key component to better understanding how traumatic memories may be strengthened in women. Their study's findings suggest that developing clinical treatments that could lower norepinephrine levels immediately following a traumatic event might offer a way to prevent this memory-enhancing mechanism from occurring.

Physicians seeing increase in brown recluse spider bites

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 10:12 AM PDT

Medical toxicologists are reporting an increase in patients seen with brown recluse spider bites this summer. There are two components to spider bites -- the cutaneous lesion and, more rarely, the systemic symptoms that can occur following the bite.

Strategy proposed for preventing diseases of aging

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 10:12 AM PDT

Researchers argue that medicine focuses too much on fighting diseases individually instead of concentrating on interventions that prevent multiple chronic diseases and extend healthy lifespan. They call for moving forward with strategies that have been shown to delay aging in animals. In addition to promoting a healthy diet and regular exercise, these strategies include manipulating molecular pathways that slow aging and promote healthy longevity.

Wide-faced men negotiate nearly $2,200 larger signing bonus

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 09:39 AM PDT

Having a wider face helps men when they negotiate for themselves but hurts them when they are negotiating in a situation that requires compromise. Additionally, men who are more attractive are better collaborators compared to less attractive men.

Protein evolution follows modular principle

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 09:39 AM PDT

Similarities between proteins reveal that their great diversity has arisen from smaller building blocks. Proteins consist of long chains of 20 different amino acid building blocks that fold into a characteristic three-dimensional structure. It is noteworthy that some modules, known as protein domains, occur more frequently than others. Scientists suspect that many of these domains share a common evolutionary origin.

Timing everything with NFL contracts

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 09:38 AM PDT

When renegotiating a contract in the NFL, timing is of the essence — the player can benefit financially the earlier in the offseason the contract is signed, while the team can benefit by waiting — and can mean a difference of hundreds of thousands of dollars, according to new research.

Calcification in changing oceans

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:42 AM PDT

What do mollusks, starfish, and corals have in common? Aside from their shared marine habitat, they are all calcifiers -- organisms that use calcium from their environment to create hard carbonate skeletons and shells for stability and protection.

Voyager spacecraft might not have reached interstellar space

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:41 AM PDT

In 2012, the Voyager mission team announced that the Voyager 1 spacecraft had passed into interstellar space, traveling further from Earth than any other humanmade object. But, in the nearly two years since that historic announcement, and despite subsequent observations backing it up, uncertainty about whether Voyager 1 really crossed the threshold continues.

Ketamine can be a wonder drug for ER patients, physicians

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:41 AM PDT

For critically ill patients arriving at the emergency department, the drug ketamine can safely provide analgesia, sedation and amnesia for rapid, life-saving intubation, despite decades-old studies that suggested it raised intracranial pressure. A systematic review of 10 recent studies of what many emergency physicians regard as a 'wonder drug' has been recently published for review.

New model helps explain how provisions promote or reduce wildlife disease

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:12 AM PDT

Scientists have long known that providing supplemental food for wildlife, or resource provisioning, can sometimes cause more harm than good. Ecologists have now developed a new mathematical model to tease apart the processes that help explain why. Their research has implications for public health and wildlife conservation.

Research charts ecological impact of microbial respiration in oxygen-starved ocean

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:12 AM PDT

A sulfur-oxidizing bacterial group called SUP05 will play an increasingly important role in carbon and nutrient cycling in the world's oceans as oxygen minimum zones expand, according to research. To conduct this study, researchers plumbed the depth of a seasonally anoxic fjord, Canada's Saanich Inlet, to chart how microbial community metabolism changes as oxygen minimum zones form.

New approach in search for extraterrestrial intelligence: Target alien polluters

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:12 AM PDT

Humanity is on the threshold of being able to detect signs of alien life on other worlds. By studying exoplanet atmospheres, we can look for gases like oxygen and methane that only coexist if replenished by life. But those gases come from simple life forms like microbes. What about advanced civilizations? Would they leave any detectable signs? They might, if they spew industrial pollution into the atmosphere.

Researchers unlock protein puzzle using brightly hued dyes

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:12 AM PDT

By using brightly hued dyes, researchers discovered an innovative way to reveal where proteins touch each other, possibly leading to new treatments for cancer, arthritis, heart disease and even lung disease.

Nano-sized chip picks up scent of explosives molecules better than dog's nose

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:11 AM PDT

A groundbreaking nanotechnology-inspired sensor picks up the scent of explosives molecules better than a detection dog's nose. The device is mobile, inexpensive, and highly accurate, detecting explosives in the air at concentrations as low as a few molecules per 1,000 trillion. Existing explosives sensors are expensive, bulky and require expert interpretation of the findings.

Researchers work to save endangered New England cottontail

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:10 AM PDT

Scientists are working to restore New Hampshire and Maine's only native rabbit after new research based on genetic monitoring has found that in the last decade, cottontail populations in northern New England have become more isolated and seen a 50 percent contraction of their range. The endangered New England cottontail is now is at risk of becoming extinct in the region, according experts who believe that restoring habitats is the key to saving the species.

A crystal wedding in the nanocosmos may lead to fast multi-functional processing units on single chip

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:10 AM PDT

Researchers have succeeded in embedding nearly perfect semiconductor crystals into a silicon nanowire. With this new method of producing hybrid nanowires, very fast and multi-functional processing units can be accommodated on a single chip in the future.

Scientists find way to maintain quantum entanglement in amplified signals

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:10 AM PDT

Physicists have found a way to preserve quantum entanglement of particles passing through an amplifier and, conversely, when transmitting a signal over long distances.

Atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's largest moon

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:10 AM PDT

An astronomer has published the results of the comparison of his model of Titan's atmosphere with the latest data.

Astronomers pioneer a 'Google street view' of galaxies

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:09 AM PDT

A new instrument based on bundles of optical fibers is giving astronomers the first 'Google street view' of the cosmos -- incredibly detailed views of huge numbers of galaxies. The optical-fiber bundles can sample the light from up to 60 parts of a galaxy, for a dozen galaxies at a time.

Lives and deaths of sibling stars

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:09 AM PDT

In a new image from ESO, young stars huddle together against clouds of glowing gas and lanes of dust. The star cluster, NGC 3293, would have been just a cloud of gas and dust itself about ten million years ago, but as stars began to form it became the bright group of stars we see here. Clusters like this are laboratories that allow astronomers to learn about how stars evolve.

Can machines think? Misidentification of humans as machines in Turing tests

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:08 AM PDT

Pairs were set up and judges were tasked with identifying whether who they were talking to was human or a computer. Can machines be successful in 'being human' in real conversations?

Satellite galaxies put astronomers in a spin

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:08 AM PDT

Astronomers have studied 380 galaxies and shown that their small satellite galaxies almost always move in rotating discs. However, such satellite galaxy discs are not predicted by current models of the formation of structures in the Universe. This discovery could cause modelers serious headaches in the years ahead.

Virtual humans as models: Say goodbye to Naomi, Kate and Claudia ... Enter 'Ava'

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:07 AM PDT

Forget top models. With haute couture turning to virtual reality, holographic versions of the world's most in-demand models are now striding down the catwalks alongside their human counterparts. But does this mean temperamental models are on their way out?  New research has been revealed which shows it could be the end of the fashion world as we know it.

Linking television and the Internet

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:07 AM PDT

In the "LinkedTV" project, researchers are seamlessly connecting TV offerings with the Internet. Audiences will benefit from an informative and personalized viewing experience.

Could tailored golf balls improve golfing performance?

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:07 AM PDT

Elements such as trip wires, dimples and sand-grain roughness on the surface of a body have been shown to be effective in reducing drag on objects such as golf balls, which helps them fly farther.

The electric slide dance of DNA knots

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:04 AM PDT

DNA has the nasty habit of getting tangled and forming knots. Scientists study these knots to understand their function and learn how to disentangle them (e.g. useful for gene sequencing techniques). Scientists have been carrying out research in which they simulate these knots and their dynamics. They have now devised and tested a method based on the application of electric fields and "optical tweezers".

Ancient genetic material from caries bacterium obtained for the first time

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:04 AM PDT

Streptococcus mutans, one of the principal bacteria that cause dental caries, has increased the change in its genetic material over time, possibly coinciding with dietary change linked to the expansion of humanity.

Electronic nose could aid in rescue missions

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:04 AM PDT

Researchers have developed a device that allows multiple robotic platforms to follow the path of certain odors. A technology which could aid the search and rescue of people in case of natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes or floods.

Physical work environment in hospitals affects nurses' job satisfaction, with implications for patient outcomes, health care costs

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 08:01 AM PDT

Architecture, interior design, and other physical aspects of their work environments can enhance early-career nurses' job satisfaction, a study has shown. The research team conducted a nationwide survey of RNs to examine the relationship between RNs' physical work environment and job satisfaction. They found that RNs who gave their physical work environments higher ratings were also more likely to report better workgroup cohesion, nurse-physician relations, workload, and other factors associated with job satisfaction.

Life expectancy gains threatened as more older Americans suffer from multiple medical conditions

Posted: 23 Jul 2014 07:59 AM PDT

With nearly four in five older Americans living with multiple chronic medical conditions, a new study finds that the more ailments you have after retirement age, the shorter your life expectancy. The analysis, one of the first to examine the burden of multiple chronic conditions on life expectancy among the elderly, may help explain why increases in life expectancy among older Americans are slowing.

The 92 percent clean plate club: You're not alone in eating everything on your plate

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:44 PM PDT

If you're a member of the Clean Plate Club -- you eat pretty much everything you put on your plate -- you're not alone! A new study shows that the average adult eats 92 percent of whatever he or she puts on his or her plate. "If you put it on your plate, it's going into your stomach," says the author of the forthcoming book on the subject.

Alaska frogs reach record lows in extreme temperature survival

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:43 PM PDT

"Alaska wood frogs spend more time freezing and thawing outside than a steak does in your freezer, and the frog comes back to life in the spring in better shape than the steak," said the lead author on a recent paper demonstrating that freeze tolerance in Alaska wood frogs is more extreme than previously thought.

Dopamine transporter: Stampede supercomputer used to study common link between addiction, neurological disease

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:43 PM PDT

The XSEDE-allocated Stampede supercomputer has been used to study the dopamine transporter. Stampede is ranked seventh on the Top 500 list of supercomputers. Its research links altered dopamine signaling and dopamine transporter function to neurological and psychiatric diseases including early-onset Parkinsonism, ADHD, and cocaine addiction.

Presence of uterine cancers at time of hysterectomy studied using morcellation

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:43 PM PDT

Among women undergoing a minimally invasive hysterectomy using electric power morcellation, uterine cancers were present in 27 per 10,000 women at the time of the procedure, according to a study. There has been concern that this procedure, in which the uterus is fragmented into smaller pieces, may result in the spread of undetected malignancies.

Lacking trust in one's doctor affects health of emotionally vulnerable cancer patients

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:41 PM PDT

The physical and mental well-being of people with cancer may be affected by how they feel about their relationship with their physician and by differences in attachment styles, finds a new study. Patients who feel anxious and uneasy with their doctor may be impacted the most. "Anxiously attached patients may experience and report more physical and emotional problems when the relationship with their physician is perceived as less trusting," said the lead author.

New knee implant saves the ligaments

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:41 PM PDT

A new total knee replacement that saves all of the ligaments can make a person's knee feel and move just like the original. During a traditional total knee replacement, the surgeon must remove the "island" of bone to which the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are attached. The new knee features a shape that protects that island of bone and saves the ligaments.

Vaccine for dust-mite allergies created

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:41 PM PDT

A vaccine for dust-mite allergies has been created, researchers report. In lab tests and animal trials, the nano-sized vaccine package was readily absorbed by immune cells and dramatically lowered allergic responses. "What is new about this is we have developed a vaccine against dust-mite allergens that hasn't been used before," says a corresponding author on the paper.

Potential genetic link between epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders

Posted: 22 Jul 2014 01:41 PM PDT

A potential link between epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders has been uncovered by new research. "This is, to our knowledge, the first direct genetic evidence demonstrating that mutations in the fly version of a known human epilepsy gene produce seizures through altered vesicle transport," says the senior author of the study.